Postural changes from lying to sitting or standing position could result to a decrease in a person’s blood pressure causing dizziness. This condition is called orthostatic hypotension. Some literature says the decrease is slightly greater than 30mmHg from the average of 120/80mmHg in a healthy adult.
It is a common result of immobilization. Normally, from lying down to standing up our body is programmed to automatically constrict blood vessels in the lower extremities to maintain central blood pressure and ensure adequate perfusion in our major organs such as the heart and brain. During prolonged immobility, this response becomes dormant. Consequently, central blood pressure drops, blood perfusion in the brain is compromised and the person might feel lightheaded or could possibly faint. In order to compensate, this is accompanied by a sudden increase of heart rate to protect the brain from inadequate blood supply. Dehydration as in bleeding, burns, alcohol consumption and diseases like atherosclerosis, diabetes, and dysautonomia or the malfunction in the autonomic nervous system may also be associated with OSH. This may also be a side effect of certain drugs like alpha blockers (vasodilators), analgesics, and diuretics. The incidence of OSH increases with age.
Management of orthostatic hypotension depends on the underlying condition. Usually, it is advised to rise slowly from bed—start rolling to your sides, and gradually sitting up, and dangle your feet. This can give the blood vessels more time to constrict properly. In addition, proper hydration may also help. In severe cases, some medications are prescribed to retain fluid or improve constriction of blood vessels.
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